If you’ve heard “Aztecs” and pictured only pyramids, you’re missing the best part: an entire city built on water — and a legacy you can still see in Mexico City today. This guide keeps it simple, visual, and traveler-friendly.
“Aztec” is a popular umbrella term, but the people at the center of Mexico City’s origin story are often called the Mexica. They built a powerful city-state and a vast network of alliances and rivalries across central Mexico.
According to legend, the Mexica searched for a sign: an eagle perched on a cactus. When they saw it on an island in Lake Texcoco, they founded Tenochtitlán — a city that would become legendary.
Tenochtitlán was engineered for life on a lake: canals, causeways, and clever farming systems like chinampas (“floating gardens”). Visitors centuries later described it as shockingly large and organized.
At the heart of the city stood the sacred precinct and major temples, including the Templo Mayor. Religion shaped politics, festivals, and urban design — with rituals meant to keep the world in balance.
Life wasn’t only temples — it was also markets, crafts, trade routes, and daily routines. Large marketplaces connected people across regions and helped Tenochtitlán thrive as a hub.
After the Spanish conquest, much of Tenochtitlán was destroyed, and Mexico City was built on top of it. That means modern CDMX still carries layers of the Mexica world beneath its streets — in ruins, symbols, and place names.
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